While we must consider that private companies and laboratories must benefit financially from their costly research, should the State take care of the cost implied by the vaccination - is it its responsibility ? A coronavirus vaccine should be for everyone, not just those who can afford it, especially in countries where healthcare is expensive.
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Since the economic and daily life activities stopped for a year because of Covid-19, it would be careless not to provide everyone's vaccine.
First of all, there is no point vaccinating just the richer part of the population as we need a smooth return to normal life.
The states' cost will be higher in the long run if they do not provide access to the vaccine for everyone. That implies paying for the poorest part of the population.
If states decide not to offer vaccination for everyone freely, this could definitely stop tourism, shop and restaurant, leading to the greatest social and economic crisis of all time. Also, the hospitals would be permanently saturated, and healthcare would collapse.
If states decide not to provide for their citizens, then it is possible that it would not survive.
My opinion on this question is that we have to consider two options. Firstly, the price of the vaccines can be decided by states (public price framing). Secondly, vaccines have to be free and I think it's the best option. We have to know that almost half of the population in the world doesn't have fresh water. Millions of people live in refugee camps or in slums. I think vaccines should be free for these people and this measure would avoid many contaminations. Furthemore it's obvious that these poor states don't have enough infrastructures, hospitals to cure their citizens.
On the other hand, if wealthy states decide to offer vaccines, debts will be even bigger. We know that this debt will be paid by citizens through taxes. At the end of the day, state's expenses are bore people.